B2/C1 Connectors in the Bundestag
The discourse markers and conjunctions that make formal German formal. Here is how often each Fraktion reaches for them. Click "Sample" for a speech that uses the connector.
| Connector | Meaning | Total | AfD | CDU/CSU | Linke | Grüne | SPD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trotzdem | nevertheless / despite that | 841 | 145 | 156 | 151 | 196 | 193 | Sample |
| indem | by [doing X] (subordinator of means) | 826 | 109 | 190 | 97 | 175 | 255 | Sample |
| stattdessen | instead | 799 | 209 | 123 | 192 | 187 | 88 | Sample |
| allerdings | however / mind you (qualification or mild contrast) | 779 | 183 | 213 | 89 | 116 | 178 | Sample |
| ebenso | likewise / equally | 431 | 113 | 111 | 47 | 55 | 105 | Sample |
| ebenfalls | also / as well | 421 | 76 | 106 | 46 | 64 | 129 | Sample |
| dennoch | nevertheless / yet | 334 | 58 | 96 | 28 | 61 | 91 | Sample |
| vielmehr | rather / on the contrary | 316 | 61 | 103 | 22 | 49 | 81 | Sample |
| insofern | in this respect / to that extent | 277 | 19 | 121 | 15 | 28 | 94 | Sample |
| schließlich | after all / ultimately | 273 | 58 | 68 | 43 | 45 | 59 | Sample |
| letztlich | in the end / ultimately | 171 | 20 | 60 | 32 | 14 | 45 | Sample |
| gleichermaßen | equally / in the same way | 119 | 18 | 33 | 20 | 22 | 26 | Sample |
| weshalb | which is why / for which reason | 80 | 23 | 25 | 9 | 7 | 16 | Sample |
| zumal | all the more so as / especially since | 57 | 9 | 17 | 11 | 2 | 18 | Sample |
| mitnichten | by no means / not at all (strong denial) | 54 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 18 | 12 | Sample |
| sofern | provided that / as long as | 46 | 12 | 14 | 4 | 7 | 9 | Sample |
| gleichwohl | nevertheless / all the same (formal) | 38 | 4 | 19 | 1 | 5 | 9 | Sample |
| folglich | consequently / therefore | 27 | 4 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 8 | Sample |
| weswegen | for which reason (formal alt. to weshalb) | 22 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 8 | Sample |
| demgegenüber | in contrast / on the other hand | 18 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Sample |
| freilich | admittedly / of course (concessive) | 16 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | Sample |
| ungeachtet | regardless of / despite | 11 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | Sample |
| indes | however (formal alternative to 'aber') | 9 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Sample |
| wenngleich | even though / although (formal) | 8 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Sample |
| gleichsam | as it were / so to speak | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Sample |
| infolgedessen | as a result / consequently | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Sample |
| demzufolge | accordingly / hence (formal) | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Sample |
| indessen | however / meanwhile (formal) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Sample |
| wohingegen | whereas (formal alt. to wohingegen) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Sample |
| obgleich | although (literary) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Sample |